In the present paper laminar flow forced convective heat transfer of CuO/water nanofluid in a Triangular Duct under constant wall temperature condition is investigated numerically. Sometimes, because of pressure drop limitations the need for noncircular Ducts arises in many heat transfer applications. We used nanofluid instead of pure fluid because of its potential to increase heat transfer of system. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as nanoparticles diameter, nanoparticles concentration, type of nanoparticles and heat transfer comparison between nanofluid and pure fluid is studied. Comparison of convective heat transfer of nanofluid in isosceles Triangular Ducts with various apex angles is also presented. In this study, for the presence of nanoparticles, the dispersion model and for solving differential equations, the finite difference method is used. Numerical results indicate an enhancement of heat transfer of fluid with changing to the suspension of nanometer-sized particles in the Triangular Duct. Results also defined that equilateral Triangular Duct has a maximum heat transfer in comparison with other types of isosceles Triangular Duct.

In this paper, some elementary operations on Triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are defined. We also define some operations on Triangular fuzzy matrices (TFMs) such as trace and Triangular fuzzy determinant (TFD). Using elementary operations, some important properties of TFMs are presented. The concept of adjoints on TFM is discussed and some of their properties are. Some special types of TFMs (e.g. pure and fuzzy Triangular, symmetric, pure and fuzzy skew-symmetric, singular, semi-singular, constant) are defined and a number of properties of these TFMs are presented.

Ejaculatory Duct obstruction (EDO) underlies 1-5% of male infertility, although the diagnosis of EDO can be complex, treatment is well established and can be very effective.Part of reason that this condition probably is underdiagnosed, is because of its rarity, subtle presentation and the concomitantly low index of suspicion held by physicians.The causes of EDO are divided into congenital and acquired disorders. Clinically, EDO classically presents as hematospermia, painful ejaculation, or infertility.In the past decade, trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) has replaced vasography as the main stay of diagnosis. Several adjunctive techniques now have been described for diagnosis of EDO, including seminal vesicle aspiration, seminal vesiculography, vesicle chromotubation.The time- tested treatment for EDO is resection of the ejaculatory Ducts (TUR-ED), which is performed in an outpatient setting, and the technique combines cystourethroscopy with resection of the verumontanum in the midline.Complications from TUR-ED occur in 10-20% of the cases, and include watery ejaculate, hematuria, epididimitis, seminal vasculitis and low risk of incontinence or rectal perforation.

Background and Objective: Normal sexual differentiation occurs in the 6th embryonic week and in a normal embryonic life. Both wolffian and mullerian Ducts are present until the onset of sexual differentiation. Normal sexual differentiation is directed by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). Secretion of mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) by sertoli cells results in regression of the mullerian Duct in males. Any disruption of orderly steps in sexual differentiation may be reflected clinically as variants of the intersexes syndromes. One of the rarest forms of these syndromes is Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS). This syndrome is caused by lack of regression and development of mullerian system and formation of female genital tract including uterus, fallopian tubes and two thirds of upper part of vaginal in male. While bilateral cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and infertility are usually associated with this syndrome, external genital organs are normal. The diagnosis is usually made in the first years of life. Case Report: The presented case, a 71-year-old man, admitted to the surgical ward of Ali-ebn-Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan was diagnosed with a large right inguinal hernia. Physical examination of external genital tract was normal. The findings at operation were as follows: the uterus was attached to spermatic cord in the internal ring. Hysterectomy was done. Orchiectomy was also performed due to severe adhesion of the uterus to spermatic cord and rupture of the spermatic vessels. Pathologic examination of the resected tissues confirmed the diagnosis of PMDS.Conclusion: This syndrome is typically diagnosed by cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia during early years of life. Infertility is also a common finding in this syndrome. Although, there are a number of diagnostic procedures including sonography for detection of PMDS, this syndrome is almost recognised through operations casual. Rarity of PMDS and also unusual findings regarding this case including old age, the absence of infertility and cryptorchidism were the reasons for reporting this case.

In this study, new methods to construct Triangular norms and Triangular conorms on appropriate bounded lattices are introduced. Some illustrative examples are given for clarity. Also, the relation between introduced methods and some other approaches is investigated. Finally, it is shown that the introduced construction methods can be generalized by inDuction to a modified ordinal sum for Triangular norms and Triangular conorms on appropriate bounded lattices. And some illustrative examples are given.

A Triangular tile latching system consists of a set $\Sigma$ of equilateral Triangular tiles with at least one latchable side and an attachment rule which permits two tiles to get latched along a latchable side. In this paper we determine the language generated by a Triangular tile latching system in terms of planar graphs.

Purpose: To determine the safety and efficacy of mitomycin-C injection into the lacrimal Duct for treatment of partial nasolacrimal Duct obstruction in adults. Method: This is a before-after clinical trial performed on 20 patients with partial primary acquired nasolacrimal Duct obstruction. We injected 1.5 ml of mitomycin-C 0.2 mg/ml into the lacrimal Duct and repeated it with concentration of 0.3 mg/ml for inadequate response.Results: After 9 months of follow up, epiphora decreased in 80% of the patients, while the amount of obstruction decreased to 50% In patients with low grade anatomical obstruction the improvement was 100% and with increasing degrees of obstruction, the success rate of this intervention decreased. Ophthalmic complications did not occur and nasal mucosal pallor was observed only in one patient. Conclusion: IntraDuctal mitomycin injection can reduce epiphora in adults with partial primary acquired nasolacrimal Duct obstruction and is a safe method.

Congenital nasolacrimal Duct obstruction is one of the most common causes of tearing in children. Course and management of this disease is controversial. Some physicians believe in medical treatment and others suggest the early probing operation. This study was conDucted on 137 eyes affected with nasolacrimal Duct obstruction. The affected children were assigned to receive antibiotics and massage before probing for two months. Then lacrimal Duct probing was performed in these children. Success rate of probing was 74.1% in all patients. 94.4% in under six months old infants, 92% in under 12 months, 88.76% in under 18 months. This index was 51.7% in children over 18 months and 48.6% over 24 months. There was a significant correlation between decreased age and success rate of probing operation. This study showed negative correllation between the children age and success rate of probing operation. This rate in chidren under 12 months old was almost twice as the children over 24 months old. However, this operation is suitable for children under 12 months, if there has been no response to medical treatment.